【摘要】 目的：探讨银杏叶提取物（EGb）对实验性高眼压大鼠视网膜神经节细胞层（RGCL）神经元损伤的保护作用。方法：取健康SD大鼠60只，正常对照组和正常银杏叶治疗组各6只，其余48只采用烧烙法，烙闭大鼠左眼2条浅层巩膜静脉，制作大鼠持续性高眼压模型，从中选出眼压稳定在实验要求水平的大鼠30只，随机分为生理盐水组，治疗A组（每日EGb 50mg/kg）、 治疗B 组（每日EGb 100mg/kg） 、治疗C 组（每日EGb 150mg/kg）、治疗D 组（每日EGb 200mg/kg），治疗时间为1mo，处死大鼠后做视网膜全层铺片，对RGCL神经元做特异性染色后行神经元计数分析来评估神经元的情况。结果：正常对照组双眼RGCL神经元计数比较无显著性差异（P ＞0.05），正常对照组与正常EGb治疗组RGCL神经元计数比较无显著性差异（P ＞0.05），各浓度EGb治疗组实验眼与正常对照组RGCL计数比较均有显著性差异 （P ＞0.05），各浓度EGb治疗组实验眼与其自身对照眼RGCL神经元计数均有显著性差异（P ＞0.05），各浓度EGb治疗组实验眼与生理盐水组实验眼RGCL神经元计数均有显著性差异（P ＞0.05），治疗A，B，C，D 4组实验眼RGCL神经元计数两两比较均有显著性差异（P ＜0.05）。结论：单独使用EGb对正常大鼠RGCL神经元计数无影响，EGb可对持续慢性高眼压导致的大鼠RGCL神经元损伤提供部分保护作用，且在一定范围内保护作用大小与用药剂量呈正相关。

【关键词】  银杏叶提取物　大鼠　高眼压　神经保护

　　Protective effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaves on retinal neuron injury in chronic high intraocular pressure rats

    Abstract AIM: To investigate the protective effect of extract of ginkgo biloba (EGb) on retinal ganglion cell layer neuron injury induced high intraocular pressure (IOP) in rats. METHODS: Sixty healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: 6 rats in normal control group, 6 rats in EGb treating normal IOP group, and the other 48 rats were established chronic high IOP models of rats by cauterizing two episcleral veins. Then 30 rats satisfying experimental level were selected and randomly divided into five groups: 6 rats in physiological brine treating group, and the other 24 rats were divided into four experimental groups according to the dose of EGb: group A, EGb 50mg/(kg·d); group B, EGb 100mg/(kg·d); group C, EGb 150mg/(kg·d); and group D EGb 200mg/(kg·d). After the treating time of 1 month, the rats were sacrificed on schedule. Flat preparation of whole retinaes was stained distinctively and neuron counting in retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) from both eyes of each rat were performed to evaluate neuron situation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the bilateral eyes on neuron counting from RGCL of normal control group (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference between the normal control group and the EGb treating normal IOP group on neuron counting from RGCL of (P＞0.05). The difference was significant between the experimental eyes of every dose group and normal control group (P＜0.05). The difference was significant between the experimental eyes and self-controlled eyes in every dose group (P＜0.05). The difference was significant between the experimental eyes of every dose group and physiological brine treating group (P＜0.05). The difference was significant between the experimental eyes on neuron counting from RGCL of every dose group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: EGb has no effect on neuron counting of RGCL